War On Westworld : Bakhmut Has Fallen Exactly One Year Later Mariupol, The Sacred Ancestors Are Leading To The Final Victory

_χρόνος διαβασματός : [ 6 ] minutes

 

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Authored by Russian Allied Forces via Taking of Bakhmut

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20 May 2023 : Bakhmut is completely under Russian control-Head Wagner Y. Prirozhin

Bakhmut has fallen, We are victorious !!!

Victory after victory

The last of the lurid Nazis…

will be soon exterminated.

Meme for the enemies…

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Anyway, this :

will cost you a civil war,

and this:

Lancet:

Depleted Uranium: A New Battlefield Danger – Virginia SG Murray (FFOM) -Michael R. Bailey, PhD

Virginia SG Murray, Michael R Bailey and Brian G Spratt were all members of the Royal Society Working Group on the Hazards of Depleted Uranium Munitions.

The battlefield is a dangerous place. Apart from the obvious risks, modern warfare can expose many toxic or uncertain substances, situations in which stringent procedures to minimize exposure are often not easily achievable. Below. For example, the Gulf War used large amounts of pesticides, rodenticides, solvents, and degreasers, and exposed people to nerve agent antidotes, multiple vaccines, and fumes from burning oil wells. It could also be exposed to depleted uranium, a new battlefield hazard.

Depleted uranium is a by-product of the uranium enrichment process and has been used for decades in medical and industrial applications, radiation shielding, aircraft counterbalance weights, and most recently in military armor and ammunition.

Depleted uranium is so dense that it is used in kinetic energy weapons consisting of depleted uranium penetrating rods that, when fired at high velocity, can penetrate the heavy armor of modern combat tanks. Depleted uranium munitions have a military advantage over previous generations of anti-tank munitions and will likely find use in an increasing number of countries. Deploying large quantities of both radioactive and nephrotoxic materials (hundreds of tons in the Gulf War) raises concerns for soldiers exposed on the battlefield, people returning to live in the area, and the environment.
The use of depleted uranium on the battlefield can result in its intake in various ways. Of particular concern is the generation of dense fine dust when depleted uranium munitions hit hard targets such as armor plates. This dust can be inhaled by soldiers in the vicinity and downwind, and subsequently by those working on the crashed vehicle and casualties contaminated with the dust.

Uranium is extensively used as a nuclear fuel, so its behavior in the body has been extensively studied. After inhalation and deposition in the lungs, some is rapidly excreted into the mucus and swallowed, some is absorbed into the blood, and some remains in the lungs, possibly for years. It is slowly absorbed into the blood or excreted through the bronchial tree or into nearby lymph nodes. Radiation dose to this lymph node may be similar to or higher than the lung due to the slow dissolution of uranium in the lung. However, lymph nodes are generally considered to be less sensitive to radiation than lung tissue. Fortunately, even though uranium is absorbed into the blood, most of it is quickly excreted in the urine. As a result, uranium is not only excreted from the body, but past exposure to uranium can be evaluated by measuring uranium in urine. About 10% is transported to the kidneys, but is lost within a few weeks. About 10% more is deposited in the bone, remains there for years, and is gradually lost as the bone remodels.

Depleted uranium is usually said to be weakly radioactive and emit three types of ionizing radiation: alpha particles, beta particles and photons (X-rays and gamma rays). The relative dose of each type of radiation depends on whether the depleted uranium is outside or inside the body.

Gamma-ray exposure from depleted uranium is only a concern where large amounts of uranium are present and can be easily measured and controlled. The highest practical exposures are to crews of vehicles equipped with depleted uranium munitions and vehicles fitted with depleted uranium armor. Radiation exposure to the skin from direct contact with depleted uranium, primarily from beta particles, can be much higher than from gamma rays. It is also of greater concern that used penetrators may be used as souvenirs or made into ornaments and toys. However, due to its low specific activity, continuous contact (worn as an accessory) is unlikely to cause radiation burns. However, the risk of skin cancer is increased, so such exposure should be avoided. When depleted uranium enters the body, radiation exposure is mainly due to alpha particles, which are thought to be more damaging than beta particles and gamma rays.

A review of the Royal Society Working Group on the Hazards of Depleted Uranium Munitions, published in 2001 and 2002, found that the primary radiation risk from inhaling depleted uranium dust was an increased risk of lung cancer, with others such as leukemia. cancer risk is thought to be much lower. Furthermore, the group estimated that for nearly all those exposed on the battlefield, the radiation doses from depleted uranium were so low that epidemiological studies would not detect a detectable cancer overgrowth. This effect is related to the low specific activity of depleted uranium. Many soldiers would have to inhale grams of depleted uranium powder to give them enough radiation to see lung cancer overgrowth.

A key organ for chemical toxic effects is the renal proximal tubular epithelium, but depleted uranium can also cause hepatic, hematologic, respiratory, and cardiac toxic effects at severe exposures. Uranium can also damage DNA directly, and chemical effects can be enhanced by the effects of alpha particle irradiation.

Exposure to uranium is neither new nor uncommon. Thousands of workers have been exposed to various uranium compounds over the years in the process of processing uranium from ore to produce fuel. The health status of these workers has been studied, and many of them have higher intakes than soldiers on the battlefield. There is no clear evidence of higher rates of cancer or kidney disease, and the ‘healthy worker effect’ leads workers to have lower overall mortality than the general population. Despite the limitations of these studies, the lack of observed effects in uranium workers suggests that the risk of cancer and kidney disease from depleted uranium is not significantly underestimated.

A report on the health hazards of depleted uranium munitions concludes that potential battlefield exposures to depleted uranium probably do not lead to measurable cancer excesses. However, in the risk assessment, scarce data on the concentration and properties of depleted uranium oxide in the aerosols released during test-firing were used to estimate the intake of depleted uranium on the battlefield. Modeling had to be done to predict toxicity risk. The problem is determining whether there are long-term effects. Until we have enough data to more accurately estimate the actual intake of depleted uranium on the battlefield, it may be wise to keep an open mind. Measurements of depleted uranium in the urine of soldiers of the Gulf War and the Balkans are planned and should be able to identify soldiers exposed to substantial amounts of depleted uranium, a more sensitive health effect than has been reported so far. can do a lot of research. These studies should be carefully controlled for age-related changes in renal function and cancer risk, considering confounding variables such as smoking, occupation, and other medical conditions.

Aside from the direct impact on soldiers on the battlefield, there are also environmental concerns as hundreds of tons of depleted uranium remain buried on the battlefield, potentially increasing concentrations of uranium in local water sources. be. Contamination can come primarily from depleted uranium particles deposited in the soil, fragments of penetrators, and intact penetrators buried in the ground. In fact, 70-80% of depleted uranium penetrators are believed to remain buried in the soil in the Gulf States and the Balkans. Factors affecting the movement of depleted uranium in the environment include penetrator corrosion rates, soil properties, and the proximity of penetrators to surface soils and water sources leading to local water sources. So far, measurements in the Balkans have shown contamination hotspots around the penetrator impact sites, but no widespread contamination. In the long term, water sources may be polluted, which is a cause for concern.

Because of their effectiveness, more and more countries will deploy depleted uranium weapons. Many hazards in future conflicts can be reduced with simple precautions, and arrangements are needed to assess soldiers’ exposure to depleted uranium. However, the dangers of depleted uranium to soldiers and the environment need to be put into perspective in the context of more direct battlefield hazards such as unexploded ordnance and mines.

will cost you some atomic.

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